Wall

A wall is a strong formation of stones, generally arranged in a line or broad shape. Because the stones support one another, it is difficult to attack: the formation reduces cutting and capturing threats while projecting influence from its outward-facing side toward the open board. A wall may still have weaknesses if it is poorly connected or faces opposing stones nearby.

Walls can be used to attack, build a moyo, support nearby groups, and compensate for territory sacrificed elsewhere. A wall represents outward strength and influence, not secure territory; it is a concrete formation that may be one expression of thickness. It is not automatically valuable: its effectiveness depends on its direction, surrounding stones, and whether the opponent can invade or exploit its weaknesses.